The flame retardant is used

The flame retardant is used

Single metal hydride flame retardant is good for smoke suppression, but the combination of the two is better than molybdenum, metal oxide and metal composite.

For example, the combination of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 complex use is the ideal flame retardant of soft PVC material, and the metal oxide and hydroxide compound are better. The combination of metal and metal hydride can further promote the cementing of PVC in the combustion process, which is to enhance the effect of smoke suppression. The combination of Fe and Ni can improve the oxygen index of the system, while the effect of Ni and Cu is the best.

Red phosphorus and zinc borate can also with Al (OH) 3 and Mg (OH) 2 to produce synergistic effect, further strengthen the effect of flame retardant smoke suppression agent, the use of zinc borate and antimony oxide and Al (OH) 3 of the flame retardant smoke abatement preparation of low smoke low halogen synergies can be PVC cable materials.

Main varieties, zinc, tin, antimony metal oxide magnesium, aluminum, silicon, iron, copper of some metal oxides, such as antimony trioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, etc., is currently more inclined to compound with use.

The anti-smoking mechanism of Sb2O3 is to generate SbOCl and SbCl3 together with PVC during the combustion of PVC, which can capture free radicals and isolate the air, thus promoting the carbonization of PVC.

Using SiO2 and SnO2 as the synergist and synergist of Sb2O3, it has good effect of flame retarding and smoke suppression. For example, the concentration of oxygen in PVC was 5.5 per cent higher than that of unadded SiO2, with a 4.1 per cent increase in residual carbon and a 16.4 per cent reduction in smoke density.

The main varieties of metal salts are calcium carbonate, zinc borate, zinc tinate and zinc aluminate.



Trimethyl phosphate (TMP)

Synthesis process of Trimethyl phosphate TMP three phosphorus oxychloride with methanol in the presence of potassium carbonate reaction of Trimethyl phosphate. At the same time, the reaction of two with methyl phosphoric acid potassium salt, sulfuric acid two methyl ester reaction of Trimethyl phosphate. Trimethyl phosphate crude product after washing, bleaching, dehydration, vacuum distillation was finished. The consumption of raw material: three phosphorus oxychloride 1094kg/t, methanol 686kg/t.

The methanol and potassium carbonate is added into a reaction kettle, cool to 5 ℃, start dropping three phosphorus oxychloride, temperature control in 30 ℃, 2h dropping after, and then stir 0.5h, pH value control in 7 ~ 8; then add two sulfuric acid methyl ester, reflux for 3h after recovery of methanol, and then the material cooling to 20 DEG C, adding carbon tetrachloride filter, filter cake with a small amount of carbon tetrachloride wash, lotion and the filtrate recycling, carbon tetrachloride, vacuum distillation of crude. The crude product with distilled water and activated charcoal, filtered and anhydrous potassium carbonate dehydration, vacuum distillation to obtain the final product.

Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) use is mainly used in medicine, pesticides, solvents and extractants, used as a solvent, extraction, determination of zirconium and GC stationary liquid, the ester is used in medicine and pesticide solvent and extractant. Pesticide intermediates. In Japan, Trimethyl phosphate use as anti stain of textile oil and polymer, flame retardant additive for lithium ion battery.

Trimethyl phosphate is currently the main market in India, mostly for textile auxiliaries, the products are mainly exported to Japan, South Korea, Thailand, India.

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CaC03's anti-smoking mechanism is based on its ability to react with the halogenated hydrogen in smoke (capture) to produce stable CaCl2. Since the reaction belongs to solid - gas, it can only be carried out on the surface of solid particles, so the particle size of CaC03 particles is a significant factor in the smoke suppression effect. Only tiny particles are much larger than the surface. According to the principle of smoke suppression, all polymers that produce halogenated hydrogen, such as vinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and chloroprene rubber, can be used as a smoke inhibitor.

Zinc stannate is good thermal stability, non-toxic, the respiratory system and skin of flame retardant, heat resistant temperature can reach 600 ℃, is likely to replace Sb2O3. Adding 15 copies of zinc tin can reduce the density of PVC smoke from 663.4 to 215.5, which is 36.5% of the same amount of Sb2O3 samples. Zinc stannate became soft PVC effective flame retardant, because it can of condensed phase and gas phase plays a role in the process of combustion, and mainly because of its in the condensed phase plays a role as a Lewis acid.

The smaller the particle size of flame retardant, the better the flame retardant and the smoke suppression, so the development of nano-grade flame retardant is becoming a new research hotspot. Nanometer double hydroxyl compound metal oxide (LDH) is a kind of composite metal oxides with layered structure, 3-5 copies of LDH is added in the PVC to make a PVC burning the great smoky density decreased 30% 50%, and no adverse effect on its mechanical performance. The ideal effect can be achieved by using the method of filling nanoscale CaC03 to suppress the smoke and filling in only about 10%.

Halogen flame retardants, whose evaporation temperatures are the same or similar to the polymer decomposition temperatures, also evaporate when the polymer is heated. At the same time, halogen flame retardants and pyrolysis products are in the combustion zone of the gas phase. The halogen can capture the free radicals in the combustion reaction and interfere with the combustion chain reaction.

When the flame retardant is heated, the non-flammable gas can be decomposed, and the concentration of combustible gas that can be decomposed can be diluted down to the lower limit of combustion. At the same time, the concentration of oxygen in the combustion zone has the effect of diluting the combustion.

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