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Phosphorus based flame retardants for polystyrene (Ps)
2017-11-24 15:23:53
Phosphorus based flame retardants for polystyrene (Ps)
In this paper, the effects of different kinds of phosphorus (Ps) flame retardants on the properties of the composites were studied. The effect of phosphorus based flame retardants on the flame retardancy of Ps was emphatically analyzed.
PPO is a non crystalline resin with glass transition temperature up to 220. It has poor melt fluidity, difficult molding, high price and limited practical application. The processability of polystyrene (Ps), especially high impact polystyrene (HIPS) has been greatly improved, and the original properties of pure PPO have been retained.
MPPO is the most widely used in engineering plastics. It has the characteristics of small coefficient of linear expansion, good electrical performance, heat resistance and flame resistance. It is a good material for office equipment, electronics, electrical appliances, auto parts, water supply and drainage machinery parts. Different from other general engineering plastics, PPO and mPPO production is highly concentrated.
With the improvement of environmental standards, reducing or not using halogen flame retardants will become theinevitable choice of the plastics industry. Therefore, no pollution, green and environment-friendly polystyrene (Ps) phosphorus flame retardants will have a broader market prospect in the future.
According to the quality of the number of copies will be weighed PPO solid powder, flame retardant, HIPS, toughening agent, antioxidant into a high-speed mixer to mix for 2~3 minutes, then premix in twin-screw extruder plasticizing and mixing, while the liquid flame retardant is added to the barrel through the liquid metering pump, uniformly dispersed into in the PPO/HIPS alloy by mixing screw so that the liquid distribution of flame retardant, extrusion granulation at last.
Flame retardant agent effect on properties of PPO/HIPS alloy performance test standard: Charpy notched impact strength test according to GB/T1043 93 requirements; the tensile strength test according to GB/T1040 92 requirements; elongation: test according to GB/T1040 92 requirements; flexural strength test according to GB/T 9341 - 88: test requirements; flexural modulus by GB/T 934188; combustion performance test requirements: according to the United States UL-94.
The carbon index is up to 29 when PPO is burned. At the same time, there are a lot of oxygen elements in the molecule, which is suitable for the formation of carbon layer in the form of dehydration, so as to block the combustion. Using phosphate flame retardant can achieve this process very effectively. Phosphorus containing flame retardant is added to the material after combustion decomposition of phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid and phosphoric acid by oxidation of PPO, H, O to remove elements from the PPO molecule in the form of H2O, the residual carbon skeleton on the molecular chain and not fully burning polymer together form a carbon layer, cut inside the polymer material and the fire and oxygen, eventually reaching the flame retardant.
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)Phosphate(TCPP)
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)Phosphate(Flame retardant TCPP) is a colorless or yellowish oily liquid. It is soluble in benzene, alcohol, carbon tetrachloride and other organic solvents, but insoluble in water and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Its relative density is 1.27-1.31, refractive index is 1.4916 ( 21.5 ), viscosity is 58mm2 / S, chlorine content is 32.8%, and phosphorus content is 9.5%. As the molecule contains phosphorus and chlorine element simultaneously, its flame retardant properties is significant, as well as the plasticization, damp-proof, antistatic effects and so on. Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) is an additive flame retardant.
The product is used for the soft / hard polyurethane foam, with thermal and hydrolytic stability good, especially suitable for ASTME84 (Level 11) foam, with low viscosity unsaturated polyester resin in low temperature application and phenolic plastics at. This product is also used to grab the foam sealant and sheet production. For polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, phenolic resin, acrylic resin and rubber, coating, flame retardant, also used for soft and hard polyurethane foam, epoxy resin, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose tree and phenolic plastics, polyvinyl acetate and gun type foam sealant production. Particularly recommended for rigid polyurethane foam has excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability is particularly suitable for ASTM84 (II), compound for polyurethane foam and unsaturated resin and phenolic plastics.
At present, red phosphorus flame retardant TPP, BDP, RDP, MPP, from the point of view can be used for flame retardant flame retardant mechanism of PPO alloy, but the phosphorus content of different molecular structure and their difference, therefore, the efficiency of flame retardant and specific properties of materials to other aspects of the impact of the difference is great the following is the ratio of PPO/HIPS to 60/40, flame retardant effect of adding different kinds and number of copies on the properties of PPO/HIPS alloy.
In the above experiment several halogen-free flame retardants, a serious decline in the deformation temperature of flame retardant is added to almost all of the materials has resulted in PPO/HIPS alloy heat loss greatly, alloy use value, only MPP, cyclic phosphate is added to the system to HDT loss of material damage is very small. The main reason may be from TPP, BDP, RDP molecular formula can be seen as a low melting point organic phosphate rich in aromatic ring, which had good compatibility with PPO, so as to play an intramolecular plasticization, improves the movement ability of PPO molecular chain under external force, resulting in decrease of HDT alloy.
Therefore, in order to reduce the effect of flame retardants on HDT, only reducing the amount of flame retardants and using new flame retardants. MPP is a kind of inorganic phosphate is equivalent to the packing effect, so there is no bad effect on the material of HDT, and the use of cyclic phosphate as flame retardant PPO alloy, using macromolecular flame retardant high molecular weight, molecular contains rigid ring structure, liquid flame retardants on the plasticizing effect reduced, improve the halogen-free flame retardant PPO alloy hot deformation temperature.
With the addition of flame retardant, the impact strength of the material decreased generally, especially in MPP. MPP, as a kind of melamine phosphate, was added into the system in the form of inorganic filler, and its compatibility with the base material was poor, so the impact toughness decreased a lot. The second is the red phosphorus, red phosphorus and system compatibility is poor, so the damage to the material toughness is also great.
TPP, BDP, RDP compounds containing benzene ring structure had good compatibility with PPO, so the impact on the toughness of the smaller, but because they do not belong to the polymer, so its molecular weight is low, influence on the toughness of the material is bigger, TPP for simple organic molecules, BDP, RDP, cyclic phosphate is molecules with larger molecular weight, the impact toughness is smaller than TPP.
Copyright: Zhang Jia Gang YaRui Chemical co.,Ltd
http://www.yaruichem.com
In this paper, the effects of different kinds of phosphorus (Ps) flame retardants on the properties of the composites were studied. The effect of phosphorus based flame retardants on the flame retardancy of Ps was emphatically analyzed.
PPO is a non crystalline resin with glass transition temperature up to 220. It has poor melt fluidity, difficult molding, high price and limited practical application. The processability of polystyrene (Ps), especially high impact polystyrene (HIPS) has been greatly improved, and the original properties of pure PPO have been retained.
MPPO is the most widely used in engineering plastics. It has the characteristics of small coefficient of linear expansion, good electrical performance, heat resistance and flame resistance. It is a good material for office equipment, electronics, electrical appliances, auto parts, water supply and drainage machinery parts. Different from other general engineering plastics, PPO and mPPO production is highly concentrated.
With the improvement of environmental standards, reducing or not using halogen flame retardants will become theinevitable choice of the plastics industry. Therefore, no pollution, green and environment-friendly polystyrene (Ps) phosphorus flame retardants will have a broader market prospect in the future.
According to the quality of the number of copies will be weighed PPO solid powder, flame retardant, HIPS, toughening agent, antioxidant into a high-speed mixer to mix for 2~3 minutes, then premix in twin-screw extruder plasticizing and mixing, while the liquid flame retardant is added to the barrel through the liquid metering pump, uniformly dispersed into in the PPO/HIPS alloy by mixing screw so that the liquid distribution of flame retardant, extrusion granulation at last.
Flame retardant agent effect on properties of PPO/HIPS alloy performance test standard: Charpy notched impact strength test according to GB/T1043 93 requirements; the tensile strength test according to GB/T1040 92 requirements; elongation: test according to GB/T1040 92 requirements; flexural strength test according to GB/T 9341 - 88: test requirements; flexural modulus by GB/T 934188; combustion performance test requirements: according to the United States UL-94.
The carbon index is up to 29 when PPO is burned. At the same time, there are a lot of oxygen elements in the molecule, which is suitable for the formation of carbon layer in the form of dehydration, so as to block the combustion. Using phosphate flame retardant can achieve this process very effectively. Phosphorus containing flame retardant is added to the material after combustion decomposition of phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid and phosphoric acid by oxidation of PPO, H, O to remove elements from the PPO molecule in the form of H2O, the residual carbon skeleton on the molecular chain and not fully burning polymer together form a carbon layer, cut inside the polymer material and the fire and oxygen, eventually reaching the flame retardant.
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)Phosphate(TCPP)
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)Phosphate(Flame retardant TCPP) is a colorless or yellowish oily liquid. It is soluble in benzene, alcohol, carbon tetrachloride and other organic solvents, but insoluble in water and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Its relative density is 1.27-1.31, refractive index is 1.4916 ( 21.5 ), viscosity is 58mm2 / S, chlorine content is 32.8%, and phosphorus content is 9.5%. As the molecule contains phosphorus and chlorine element simultaneously, its flame retardant properties is significant, as well as the plasticization, damp-proof, antistatic effects and so on. Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) is an additive flame retardant.
The product is used for the soft / hard polyurethane foam, with thermal and hydrolytic stability good, especially suitable for ASTME84 (Level 11) foam, with low viscosity unsaturated polyester resin in low temperature application and phenolic plastics at. This product is also used to grab the foam sealant and sheet production. For polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, phenolic resin, acrylic resin and rubber, coating, flame retardant, also used for soft and hard polyurethane foam, epoxy resin, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose tree and phenolic plastics, polyvinyl acetate and gun type foam sealant production. Particularly recommended for rigid polyurethane foam has excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability is particularly suitable for ASTM84 (II), compound for polyurethane foam and unsaturated resin and phenolic plastics.
At present, red phosphorus flame retardant TPP, BDP, RDP, MPP, from the point of view can be used for flame retardant flame retardant mechanism of PPO alloy, but the phosphorus content of different molecular structure and their difference, therefore, the efficiency of flame retardant and specific properties of materials to other aspects of the impact of the difference is great the following is the ratio of PPO/HIPS to 60/40, flame retardant effect of adding different kinds and number of copies on the properties of PPO/HIPS alloy.
In the above experiment several halogen-free flame retardants, a serious decline in the deformation temperature of flame retardant is added to almost all of the materials has resulted in PPO/HIPS alloy heat loss greatly, alloy use value, only MPP, cyclic phosphate is added to the system to HDT loss of material damage is very small. The main reason may be from TPP, BDP, RDP molecular formula can be seen as a low melting point organic phosphate rich in aromatic ring, which had good compatibility with PPO, so as to play an intramolecular plasticization, improves the movement ability of PPO molecular chain under external force, resulting in decrease of HDT alloy.
Therefore, in order to reduce the effect of flame retardants on HDT, only reducing the amount of flame retardants and using new flame retardants. MPP is a kind of inorganic phosphate is equivalent to the packing effect, so there is no bad effect on the material of HDT, and the use of cyclic phosphate as flame retardant PPO alloy, using macromolecular flame retardant high molecular weight, molecular contains rigid ring structure, liquid flame retardants on the plasticizing effect reduced, improve the halogen-free flame retardant PPO alloy hot deformation temperature.
With the addition of flame retardant, the impact strength of the material decreased generally, especially in MPP. MPP, as a kind of melamine phosphate, was added into the system in the form of inorganic filler, and its compatibility with the base material was poor, so the impact toughness decreased a lot. The second is the red phosphorus, red phosphorus and system compatibility is poor, so the damage to the material toughness is also great.
TPP, BDP, RDP compounds containing benzene ring structure had good compatibility with PPO, so the impact on the toughness of the smaller, but because they do not belong to the polymer, so its molecular weight is low, influence on the toughness of the material is bigger, TPP for simple organic molecules, BDP, RDP, cyclic phosphate is molecules with larger molecular weight, the impact toughness is smaller than TPP.
Copyright: Zhang Jia Gang YaRui Chemical co.,Ltd
http://www.yaruichem.com
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