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Intumescent flame retardant of poly (vinyl chloride) - nitrogen system
2017-11-26 22:16:56
Intumescent flame retardant of poly (vinyl chloride) - nitrogen system
Intumescent flame retardant is composed of three parts: acid source, gas source and carbon source. PVC phosphorus nitrogen expansion type flame retardant acid source is inorganic acid or heat generating compounds of inorganic acid, is the most used ammonium polyphosphate (APP); also called air foam source, are compounds containing higher nitrogen content, such as melamine (MEL), dicyandiamide; carbon source the formation of compound carbon foam layer, such as pentaerythritol as polyhydroxy compounds with high carbon content (PER).
The general formula of ammonium polyphosphate (NH4) n+2PnO3n+1, n=10~20, is short chain APP (water-soluble APP), n > 20 is long chain APP (water insoluble). The structure is as follows:
The theoretical phosphorus content was 31.92%, and the theoretical nitrogen content was 14.44%. APP has 5 crystal structures, i. e. type I, type II, type III, type IV and type V, among which type III is the intermediate of type I transition to type ii. Under certain conditions, the crystal types can be transformed mutually. Is the commonly used type I and type II, type I linear molecular chain, low temperature decomposition, water solubility of 4g/100cm3, there is a certain amount of type II between the molecular chain of P-O-P link, degree of polymerization of N than type I, the initial decomposition temperature is 300 degrees Celsius, water soluble as small as 0.5 g/100cm3 under the.
APP non-toxic, acute toxicity, oral lethal dose LD50 > 10g/kg. Melamine (MEL) is used as an air source because its nitrogen content is as high as 66.66%. Pentaerythritol (PER) is a carbon source because its carbon content is as high as 44.11%. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is both an acid source and an air source.
The intumescent flame retardant of PVC nitrogen phosphorus system mainly produces flame retardant effect in solidified phase by forming long and short foam carbon layer. The formation of carbon layer is as follows: at lower temperature, the poly (vinyl chloride) - nitrogen intumescent flame retardant acid source decomposes the esterification polyol and dehydrated inorganic base. As the temperature increases, the inorganic base and polyol are esterified to melt the system.
Melamine from solid phase endothermic evaporation, the degradation of small molecules generated gaseous compounds, such as NH3, N2, CO2 CO, and water vapor, so that the expansion of the carbon layer.
At the same time, polyols and esters are dehydrated to form carbon, inorganic and carbon residues are formed, and further expanded and foamed. When the reaction is close to completion, the system is coking and solidified, forming a porous carbon foam layer. The heat is difficult to penetrate into the solidification phase, which prevents oxygen from diffusing into the degraded polymer material from the surrounding medium, and prevents the gaseous or liquid products produced by the explanation from escaping from the material surface, thereby achieving the flame retardant effect.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)
Appearance: Pure Tris (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate Is A Colorless Or Pale Yellow Oily Transparent Liquid With A Light Creamy Taste.
Refractive Index (N20D) 1.4731
Boiling Point Of 194 ° C, Flash Point Of 225 ° C
Freezing Point -64 ℃
Decomposition Temperature 240-280 ℃
Viscosity 38-47 Centipoise (20 ° C)
Phosphorus Content Of 10.8%
Chlorine Content Of 37.3%, With The General Organic Solvents (Such As Alcohol, Ketones, Aromatics, Chloroform, Etc.) Compatible, Insoluble In Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Almost Insoluble In Water, And Hydrolytic Stability Is Good, In Alkaline Solution In A Small Amount Of Decomposition, The No Obvious Corrosion Of The Product.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)Use:
1. Tris (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate Has Excellent Flame Retardancy, Excellent Resistance To Low Temperature And UV Resistance, The Steam Can Only Be Used At 225 ℃ Above The Direct Ignition Can Be Fired, But The Fire The Source Is Immediately Self-Extinguishing. This Product Is A Flame Retardant Not Only Can Improve The Material Level Of Flame Retardant Materials, But Also Improve The Flame Resistance Of Water Resistance, Acid Resistance, Cold Resistance And Antistatic Properties. Commonly Used In Flame Retardant Nitrocellulose And Acetate Fiber As The Substrate Of Paint Coatings, Unsaturated Polyester, Polyurethane, Acrylic, Phenolic Resin, Can Also Be Used For Soft PVC Plastic Flame Retardant. This Product Is Used For The Amount Of Unsaturated Polyester 10% To 20%, In The Polyurethane Rigid Foam (Flame Retardant Polyether As Raw Material) Can Be About 10% In The Soft PVC Used As Auxiliary Plastic Flame Retardant When The 5% To 10%. Flame Retardants, Uranium, Thorium, Plutonium, Technetium And Other Rare Metal Separation Solvent Or Extractant.
2. This Product Is Widely Used In Chemical Fiber Fabrics, Cellulose Acetate As A Flame Retardant, In Addition To Self-Extinguishing, But Also Improve Water Resistance, Cold Resistance And Antistatic Properties. The General Amount Of 5 To 10 Copies. This Product Is An Excellent Flame Retardant For Synthetic Materials, And Has A Good Role In The Promotion, Widely Used In Cellulose Acetate, Nitrocellulose Varnish, Ethyl Cellulose, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyurethane, Phenolic Resin , In Addition To Self-Extinguishing Products, But Also Improve The Physical Properties Of Products, Products Feel Soft, Also Known As Oil Additives And Rare Elements Of The Extractant, And Flame Retardant Rubber Conveyor Belt Is The Main Flame Retardant Materials , The General Amount Of Added 5% To 10%.
3. Used As Additive Type Halogenated Phosphate Flame Retardant And Plasticizer. Molecules In Both Phosphorus And Chlorine, Flame Retardant Effect Is Remarkable, Not Volatile And Hydrolysis, Good Stability To Ultraviolet Light. Applicable To Phenolic Resin, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyurethane And So On. Also Used As Nitrocellulose Coating Flame Retardant, PVC Flame Retardant Plasticizer, Metal Extractant, Gasoline Additives And Polyimide Processing Aids And So On. Can Improve Water Resistance, Weatherability, Cold Resistance, Antistatic Property. Reference Dosage 5% To 20%.
Phosphorus nitrogen mixed intumescent flame retardants have been used in plastics, rubber and other synthetic polymers to flame retardant, but few have been reported for flame retardant finishing of textile materials, especially cellulose fibers. Recently, various colleges and universities began to carry out exploratory research on this kind of flame retardants, and achieved certain results.
1.10gAPP (water soluble), 1gPER, 8gMEI (all chemical pure) of cotton (two dip two rolling mill rate 90%), pre drying (90 DEG C), baking (150 DEG C) by flame retardant test, flame retardant cotton LOI increased from 19% to 32% cotton, vertical burning test of carbon loss length 8.8cm, smoldering and continued burning time is 0 seconds, the visible flame retardant cotton has good flame retardant effect.
2.APP/MEL two compound flame retardant on linen fabric two dip two rolling over rate 90%), pre drying (90 DEG C), baking (150 DEG C) mass fraction of the flame retardant 20%~25%, LOI for 36~37, 10cm and the length of carbon loss, smoldering continued burning time is 0 seconds, shows a good flame retardant the performance of linen fabric. However, there is no carbon source of pentaerythritol, how to form the carbon foam layer.
3.APP, PER and MEL mixed intumescent flame retardant amount to be generally larger, in more than 20% flame retardant materials (wt%), and the flame retardant fabric poor water resistance, in order to enhance the effect of expansion results of flame retardant, increasing carbon layer stability and viscoelasticity, and reduce the amount of IFR, often join in flame retardant system for molecular sieve. It can not only enhance the flame retardant effect, but also improve the mechanical properties and flame retardant function of the material.
Zeolite is a kind of homogeneous microporous structure, which can selectively adsorb the adsorbent whose diameter is smaller than its pore diameter. Such as the commonly used zeolite molecular sieve zeolite (crystalline aluminosilicate), by removing the water of crystallization and. The size of micropores may be adjusted during zeolite processing to fit a given molecule. There are A, X, Y and so on, and the aperture is 0.3~1nm.
Study on Synergistic Mechanism of 4A zeolite synergistic intumescent flame retardant, 4A zeolite is a kind of Louise acid, at less than 250 DEG C, with catalytic esterification of APP/PER system, NH3 and H2O accelerate the evaporation, improve the matching source and the viscosity of the melt, leading to the formation of porous carbon layer. In the above 250 DEG C, zeolite 4A starts to decompose, high temperature, surface formation of SiO2 and Al2O3 system, because of the difference of surface energy, SiO2 and Al2O3 to exercise, leads to enrichment of SiO2 surface, the surface system of silicon aluminum ratio increased, resulting in expansion of carbon layer Si-P-Al-C bond formation, promote the stable effect of carbon layer.
Copyright: Zhang Jia Gang YaRui Chemical co.,Ltd
http://www.yaruichem.com
Intumescent flame retardant is composed of three parts: acid source, gas source and carbon source. PVC phosphorus nitrogen expansion type flame retardant acid source is inorganic acid or heat generating compounds of inorganic acid, is the most used ammonium polyphosphate (APP); also called air foam source, are compounds containing higher nitrogen content, such as melamine (MEL), dicyandiamide; carbon source the formation of compound carbon foam layer, such as pentaerythritol as polyhydroxy compounds with high carbon content (PER).
The general formula of ammonium polyphosphate (NH4) n+2PnO3n+1, n=10~20, is short chain APP (water-soluble APP), n > 20 is long chain APP (water insoluble). The structure is as follows:
The theoretical phosphorus content was 31.92%, and the theoretical nitrogen content was 14.44%. APP has 5 crystal structures, i. e. type I, type II, type III, type IV and type V, among which type III is the intermediate of type I transition to type ii. Under certain conditions, the crystal types can be transformed mutually. Is the commonly used type I and type II, type I linear molecular chain, low temperature decomposition, water solubility of 4g/100cm3, there is a certain amount of type II between the molecular chain of P-O-P link, degree of polymerization of N than type I, the initial decomposition temperature is 300 degrees Celsius, water soluble as small as 0.5 g/100cm3 under the.
APP non-toxic, acute toxicity, oral lethal dose LD50 > 10g/kg. Melamine (MEL) is used as an air source because its nitrogen content is as high as 66.66%. Pentaerythritol (PER) is a carbon source because its carbon content is as high as 44.11%. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is both an acid source and an air source.
The intumescent flame retardant of PVC nitrogen phosphorus system mainly produces flame retardant effect in solidified phase by forming long and short foam carbon layer. The formation of carbon layer is as follows: at lower temperature, the poly (vinyl chloride) - nitrogen intumescent flame retardant acid source decomposes the esterification polyol and dehydrated inorganic base. As the temperature increases, the inorganic base and polyol are esterified to melt the system.
Melamine from solid phase endothermic evaporation, the degradation of small molecules generated gaseous compounds, such as NH3, N2, CO2 CO, and water vapor, so that the expansion of the carbon layer.
At the same time, polyols and esters are dehydrated to form carbon, inorganic and carbon residues are formed, and further expanded and foamed. When the reaction is close to completion, the system is coking and solidified, forming a porous carbon foam layer. The heat is difficult to penetrate into the solidification phase, which prevents oxygen from diffusing into the degraded polymer material from the surrounding medium, and prevents the gaseous or liquid products produced by the explanation from escaping from the material surface, thereby achieving the flame retardant effect.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)
Appearance: Pure Tris (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate Is A Colorless Or Pale Yellow Oily Transparent Liquid With A Light Creamy Taste.
Refractive Index (N20D) 1.4731
Boiling Point Of 194 ° C, Flash Point Of 225 ° C
Freezing Point -64 ℃
Decomposition Temperature 240-280 ℃
Viscosity 38-47 Centipoise (20 ° C)
Phosphorus Content Of 10.8%
Chlorine Content Of 37.3%, With The General Organic Solvents (Such As Alcohol, Ketones, Aromatics, Chloroform, Etc.) Compatible, Insoluble In Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Almost Insoluble In Water, And Hydrolytic Stability Is Good, In Alkaline Solution In A Small Amount Of Decomposition, The No Obvious Corrosion Of The Product.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)Use:
1. Tris (2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate Has Excellent Flame Retardancy, Excellent Resistance To Low Temperature And UV Resistance, The Steam Can Only Be Used At 225 ℃ Above The Direct Ignition Can Be Fired, But The Fire The Source Is Immediately Self-Extinguishing. This Product Is A Flame Retardant Not Only Can Improve The Material Level Of Flame Retardant Materials, But Also Improve The Flame Resistance Of Water Resistance, Acid Resistance, Cold Resistance And Antistatic Properties. Commonly Used In Flame Retardant Nitrocellulose And Acetate Fiber As The Substrate Of Paint Coatings, Unsaturated Polyester, Polyurethane, Acrylic, Phenolic Resin, Can Also Be Used For Soft PVC Plastic Flame Retardant. This Product Is Used For The Amount Of Unsaturated Polyester 10% To 20%, In The Polyurethane Rigid Foam (Flame Retardant Polyether As Raw Material) Can Be About 10% In The Soft PVC Used As Auxiliary Plastic Flame Retardant When The 5% To 10%. Flame Retardants, Uranium, Thorium, Plutonium, Technetium And Other Rare Metal Separation Solvent Or Extractant.
2. This Product Is Widely Used In Chemical Fiber Fabrics, Cellulose Acetate As A Flame Retardant, In Addition To Self-Extinguishing, But Also Improve Water Resistance, Cold Resistance And Antistatic Properties. The General Amount Of 5 To 10 Copies. This Product Is An Excellent Flame Retardant For Synthetic Materials, And Has A Good Role In The Promotion, Widely Used In Cellulose Acetate, Nitrocellulose Varnish, Ethyl Cellulose, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyurethane, Phenolic Resin , In Addition To Self-Extinguishing Products, But Also Improve The Physical Properties Of Products, Products Feel Soft, Also Known As Oil Additives And Rare Elements Of The Extractant, And Flame Retardant Rubber Conveyor Belt Is The Main Flame Retardant Materials , The General Amount Of Added 5% To 10%.
3. Used As Additive Type Halogenated Phosphate Flame Retardant And Plasticizer. Molecules In Both Phosphorus And Chlorine, Flame Retardant Effect Is Remarkable, Not Volatile And Hydrolysis, Good Stability To Ultraviolet Light. Applicable To Phenolic Resin, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Acetate, Polyurethane And So On. Also Used As Nitrocellulose Coating Flame Retardant, PVC Flame Retardant Plasticizer, Metal Extractant, Gasoline Additives And Polyimide Processing Aids And So On. Can Improve Water Resistance, Weatherability, Cold Resistance, Antistatic Property. Reference Dosage 5% To 20%.
Phosphorus nitrogen mixed intumescent flame retardants have been used in plastics, rubber and other synthetic polymers to flame retardant, but few have been reported for flame retardant finishing of textile materials, especially cellulose fibers. Recently, various colleges and universities began to carry out exploratory research on this kind of flame retardants, and achieved certain results.
1.10gAPP (water soluble), 1gPER, 8gMEI (all chemical pure) of cotton (two dip two rolling mill rate 90%), pre drying (90 DEG C), baking (150 DEG C) by flame retardant test, flame retardant cotton LOI increased from 19% to 32% cotton, vertical burning test of carbon loss length 8.8cm, smoldering and continued burning time is 0 seconds, the visible flame retardant cotton has good flame retardant effect.
2.APP/MEL two compound flame retardant on linen fabric two dip two rolling over rate 90%), pre drying (90 DEG C), baking (150 DEG C) mass fraction of the flame retardant 20%~25%, LOI for 36~37, 10cm and the length of carbon loss, smoldering continued burning time is 0 seconds, shows a good flame retardant the performance of linen fabric. However, there is no carbon source of pentaerythritol, how to form the carbon foam layer.
3.APP, PER and MEL mixed intumescent flame retardant amount to be generally larger, in more than 20% flame retardant materials (wt%), and the flame retardant fabric poor water resistance, in order to enhance the effect of expansion results of flame retardant, increasing carbon layer stability and viscoelasticity, and reduce the amount of IFR, often join in flame retardant system for molecular sieve. It can not only enhance the flame retardant effect, but also improve the mechanical properties and flame retardant function of the material.
Zeolite is a kind of homogeneous microporous structure, which can selectively adsorb the adsorbent whose diameter is smaller than its pore diameter. Such as the commonly used zeolite molecular sieve zeolite (crystalline aluminosilicate), by removing the water of crystallization and. The size of micropores may be adjusted during zeolite processing to fit a given molecule. There are A, X, Y and so on, and the aperture is 0.3~1nm.
Study on Synergistic Mechanism of 4A zeolite synergistic intumescent flame retardant, 4A zeolite is a kind of Louise acid, at less than 250 DEG C, with catalytic esterification of APP/PER system, NH3 and H2O accelerate the evaporation, improve the matching source and the viscosity of the melt, leading to the formation of porous carbon layer. In the above 250 DEG C, zeolite 4A starts to decompose, high temperature, surface formation of SiO2 and Al2O3 system, because of the difference of surface energy, SiO2 and Al2O3 to exercise, leads to enrichment of SiO2 surface, the surface system of silicon aluminum ratio increased, resulting in expansion of carbon layer Si-P-Al-C bond formation, promote the stable effect of carbon layer.
Copyright: Zhang Jia Gang YaRui Chemical co.,Ltd
http://www.yaruichem.com
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