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Fire retardant mechanism of common flame retardant
2017-9-20 16:14:04
Fire retardant mechanism of common flame retardant
The flame retardant mechanism of several commonly used flame retardants is analyzed in this paper.
Flame retardant of flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant. The flame retardant mechanism of halide flame retardant is the gas phase mechanism. Halogen ion is produced by thermal decomposition of halogen flame retardants; The reactive halogen ion is then generated by the reaction. HX and OHH react with the hydrogen radical. The chain reaction of the combustion is inhibited and the combustion rate is slowed down to cause the flame to go out. Since chlorinated flame retardants have a higher binding energy than bromide, the reaction speed of the chlorine flame retardants is lower than that of the bromide flame retardant.
Flame retardant of flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant. The flame retardant mechanism of phosphor flame retardant is the coagulation phase mechanism. It is generally believed that the flame retardant of organophosphorus flame retardant can be used in solid phase and liquid phase. In the combustion, the phosphoric acid is a non-flammable liquid membrane, followed by phosphoric acid and further dehydrated to form a partial phosphoric acid, which then polymerized into polymetaphosphate. In this process, not only the liquid membrane of phosphoric acid is covered, but the polypoline phosphate is a strong acid and strong dehydrating agent, which can dehydrate and carbonize the polymer materials. The carbon film insulates the air and makes the phosphating better.
The use of antimony trioxide has no flame retardant effect, such as with halide and the flame retardant. This is due to the reaction of trioxide antimony and halogen to produce antimony halide and oxygen halide. When burned in the gas phase, the halide of antimony can discontinue free radical reaction. The flame retardant effect is shown.
Triisobutyl Phosphate(TIBP) is mainly used for antifoamer and penetrant. It is also be widely used in printing and dying, ink, construction, and oil field additives, etc. Another chemical name of Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is tri -butyl phosphate.
The production process is introduced in detail below Triisobutyl Phosphate:
Process for production of Triisobutyl Phosphate, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
The first step: the esterification reaction ratio is three: phosphorus oxychloride, isobutanol = 1 ∶ 5 ～ 1 ∶ 9; the catalyst is added to account for the total 5 ~ isobutanol mixed isobutanol 15%, then with ISO butanol remaining together into a reaction kettle, or the catalyst is added to three phosphorus oxychloride in the stirring, cooling condition, dropping three phosphorus oxychloride, maintaining the reaction temperature is between 15 ~ 60 ℃, dropping three phosphorus oxychloride time is 1 ~ 6 hours, dropping the end, continue stirring deepen reaction for 0.5 to 4 hours, and maintain the temperature not lower than 5 DEG c..
The second step: removal of alcohol to acid: under reduced pressure, the reaction after the end of the materials are heated evaporation, produce isobutanol and removed by reaction did not participate in the reaction of by-product hydrogen chloride, and not the highest alcohol end temperature beyond isobutanol boiling point is 10 ℃; alcohol removal vacuum maintained at above - 0.06Mpa, alcohol time is 1 ~ 8 hours.
The third step: the neutralization and water washing: under stirring, to the removal of alcohol material after adding alkaline material neutralizing the removal of hydrogen chloride residues in the material, with pH value of 6 ~ 8 for neutralizing the end; then add 30 ~ 100 ℃ hot water wash, add water amount of mass or volume of 0.5 ~ 1.5 times static, removing water layer, get three initial product Triisobutyl Phosphate.
The fourth step: distillation: first detection of Triisobutyl Phosphate product pH value is in 6.5 ~ 7.5 between, if not meet the requirements, with alkaline substances, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 ~ 7.5, and then distilled under reduced pressure, to remove the low boiling component, collected Triisobutyl Phosphate products.
The above is the production process to explain the situation, such as the Triisobutyl Phosphate production process to further understand please contact us.
At above 250 ℃ heat decomposition of aluminium hydrate produces aluminum oxide and water, dilute the flame area gas concentration, at the same time per mole A1 (OH) 3 to absorb heat 1.9 kJ, cooling effect. In the hydrate of various aluminum, A1(OH)3 absorbs the most heat, and it is beneficial to form the carbonization layer, thus the flame retardant effect is also the best.
The research status and application of flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant of flame retardant. The study of the flame retardant properties of phosphor/silicon epoxy resin has been studied by gu-hohbiue et al., which proves that phosphorous/silicon has synergistic effect on improving the flame retardant performance and extreme oxygen index of epoxy resin. In the combustion, phosphorus provides the tendency to form the carbonization layer, while silicon improves the thermal stability of the carbonization layer, both of which show their contribution to the flame retardant. This synergistic effect increases the limiting oxygen index of epoxy resin from 26 to 36. In addition, the synergistic effect of phosphorus/silicon on flame retardant can be further improved by substituting siloxane for silane. The oxygen index can reach 45. The main mechanism is the continuous formation of silica layer to reduce the thermal oxidation of the carbonized layer.
Usually, the halogen/trioxide antimony is shown to have a good synergistic effect in the flame retardant of epoxy resin, but it produces a lot of smoke when burned. XMxlaot6ng et al., "the study found that using MoO2 to replace antimony trioxide can effectively reduce the production of smoke, while enhancing the synergistic effect." They used bisphenol A epoxy resin as the study object, using methyl tetrahydrophenyl hydride as curing agent, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as promoter.
The flame retardant technology of aromatic bromide and antimony oxide is widely used in the flame retardant system of epoxy resin. But the main problem with the system is that it produces a lot of toxic and corrosive gases. Based on this question, D. DeMel et al. "used dialkyl (or aryl) phosphorus to modify epoxy resin. The research results show that by double the usual A epoxy propyl ether with two alkyl or aryl phosphorus chemical synthesis, with 4, 4 '- diamine diphenyl sulfone as curing agent can produce very good flame retardant effect, effectively overcome the disadvantages of the flame retardant system, oxygen index up to 31.
G126 - HobIMe et al. "studied the flame retardant properties of phosphorous epoxy resin. They have adopted two kinds of phosphorus diamine mixture: double - (4 - aniline) - phenyl phosphorus oxide and double - aniline (3 -) - phenyl phosphorus oxide with epoxy resin as the curing agent e experiment is epoxy 828 and epoxy 828.
Copyright: Zhang Jia Gang YaRui Chemical co.,Ltd
http://www.yaruichem.com
The flame retardant mechanism of several commonly used flame retardants is analyzed in this paper.
Flame retardant of flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant. The flame retardant mechanism of halide flame retardant is the gas phase mechanism. Halogen ion is produced by thermal decomposition of halogen flame retardants; The reactive halogen ion is then generated by the reaction. HX and OHH react with the hydrogen radical. The chain reaction of the combustion is inhibited and the combustion rate is slowed down to cause the flame to go out. Since chlorinated flame retardants have a higher binding energy than bromide, the reaction speed of the chlorine flame retardants is lower than that of the bromide flame retardant.
Flame retardant of flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant. The flame retardant mechanism of phosphor flame retardant is the coagulation phase mechanism. It is generally believed that the flame retardant of organophosphorus flame retardant can be used in solid phase and liquid phase. In the combustion, the phosphoric acid is a non-flammable liquid membrane, followed by phosphoric acid and further dehydrated to form a partial phosphoric acid, which then polymerized into polymetaphosphate. In this process, not only the liquid membrane of phosphoric acid is covered, but the polypoline phosphate is a strong acid and strong dehydrating agent, which can dehydrate and carbonize the polymer materials. The carbon film insulates the air and makes the phosphating better.
The use of antimony trioxide has no flame retardant effect, such as with halide and the flame retardant. This is due to the reaction of trioxide antimony and halogen to produce antimony halide and oxygen halide. When burned in the gas phase, the halide of antimony can discontinue free radical reaction. The flame retardant effect is shown.
Triisobutyl Phosphate(TIBP) is mainly used for antifoamer and penetrant. It is also be widely used in printing and dying, ink, construction, and oil field additives, etc. Another chemical name of Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is tri -butyl phosphate.
The production process is introduced in detail below Triisobutyl Phosphate:
Process for production of Triisobutyl Phosphate, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
The first step: the esterification reaction ratio is three: phosphorus oxychloride, isobutanol = 1 ∶ 5 ～ 1 ∶ 9; the catalyst is added to account for the total 5 ~ isobutanol mixed isobutanol 15%, then with ISO butanol remaining together into a reaction kettle, or the catalyst is added to three phosphorus oxychloride in the stirring, cooling condition, dropping three phosphorus oxychloride, maintaining the reaction temperature is between 15 ~ 60 ℃, dropping three phosphorus oxychloride time is 1 ~ 6 hours, dropping the end, continue stirring deepen reaction for 0.5 to 4 hours, and maintain the temperature not lower than 5 DEG c..
The second step: removal of alcohol to acid: under reduced pressure, the reaction after the end of the materials are heated evaporation, produce isobutanol and removed by reaction did not participate in the reaction of by-product hydrogen chloride, and not the highest alcohol end temperature beyond isobutanol boiling point is 10 ℃; alcohol removal vacuum maintained at above - 0.06Mpa, alcohol time is 1 ~ 8 hours.
The third step: the neutralization and water washing: under stirring, to the removal of alcohol material after adding alkaline material neutralizing the removal of hydrogen chloride residues in the material, with pH value of 6 ~ 8 for neutralizing the end; then add 30 ~ 100 ℃ hot water wash, add water amount of mass or volume of 0.5 ~ 1.5 times static, removing water layer, get three initial product Triisobutyl Phosphate.
The fourth step: distillation: first detection of Triisobutyl Phosphate product pH value is in 6.5 ~ 7.5 between, if not meet the requirements, with alkaline substances, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 ~ 7.5, and then distilled under reduced pressure, to remove the low boiling component, collected Triisobutyl Phosphate products.
The above is the production process to explain the situation, such as the Triisobutyl Phosphate production process to further understand please contact us.
At above 250 ℃ heat decomposition of aluminium hydrate produces aluminum oxide and water, dilute the flame area gas concentration, at the same time per mole A1 (OH) 3 to absorb heat 1.9 kJ, cooling effect. In the hydrate of various aluminum, A1(OH)3 absorbs the most heat, and it is beneficial to form the carbonization layer, thus the flame retardant effect is also the best.
The research status and application of flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant of flame retardant. The study of the flame retardant properties of phosphor/silicon epoxy resin has been studied by gu-hohbiue et al., which proves that phosphorous/silicon has synergistic effect on improving the flame retardant performance and extreme oxygen index of epoxy resin. In the combustion, phosphorus provides the tendency to form the carbonization layer, while silicon improves the thermal stability of the carbonization layer, both of which show their contribution to the flame retardant. This synergistic effect increases the limiting oxygen index of epoxy resin from 26 to 36. In addition, the synergistic effect of phosphorus/silicon on flame retardant can be further improved by substituting siloxane for silane. The oxygen index can reach 45. The main mechanism is the continuous formation of silica layer to reduce the thermal oxidation of the carbonized layer.
Usually, the halogen/trioxide antimony is shown to have a good synergistic effect in the flame retardant of epoxy resin, but it produces a lot of smoke when burned. XMxlaot6ng et al., "the study found that using MoO2 to replace antimony trioxide can effectively reduce the production of smoke, while enhancing the synergistic effect." They used bisphenol A epoxy resin as the study object, using methyl tetrahydrophenyl hydride as curing agent, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as promoter.
The flame retardant technology of aromatic bromide and antimony oxide is widely used in the flame retardant system of epoxy resin. But the main problem with the system is that it produces a lot of toxic and corrosive gases. Based on this question, D. DeMel et al. "used dialkyl (or aryl) phosphorus to modify epoxy resin. The research results show that by double the usual A epoxy propyl ether with two alkyl or aryl phosphorus chemical synthesis, with 4, 4 '- diamine diphenyl sulfone as curing agent can produce very good flame retardant effect, effectively overcome the disadvantages of the flame retardant system, oxygen index up to 31.
G126 - HobIMe et al. "studied the flame retardant properties of phosphorous epoxy resin. They have adopted two kinds of phosphorus diamine mixture: double - (4 - aniline) - phenyl phosphorus oxide and double - aniline (3 -) - phenyl phosphorus oxide with epoxy resin as the curing agent e experiment is epoxy 828 and epoxy 828.
Copyright: Zhang Jia Gang YaRui Chemical co.,Ltd
http://www.yaruichem.com
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